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Volume: 30 | Article ID: art00057_1
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The Improvement of Core-Shell Toner by Controlling the Interfacial Thickness Between Core and Shell Polyesters
Tomohide Yoshida
Norihiro Fukuri
Eiji Shirai
Katsutoshi Aoki
  DOI :  10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2014.30.1.art00057_1  Published Online :  January 2014
Abstract

The fabrication of polyester core-shell toner by emulsion aggregation method was investigated to realize better balance of low-energy fusing and good storage stability. In core-shell toners which use high Tg shell resin and low Tg core resin, the storage stability can be significantly worse than expected from shell Tg. It was thought that the core moiety diffused into the shell by interfacial polymer diffusion in the heating coalescing process. From this viewpoint, the control of the interfacial diffusion (interfacial thickness: λ) between the core and shell was examined based on the χ parameter of the polyester resin combinations which was calculated by monomer composition. After examinations of several polyester combinations based on calculated χ parameters, it was found that 1,2-propanediol (1,2PD)/isophthalic acid (IPA) polyester and 1,2PD/alkenyl succinic anhydride (AS) polyester showed a strong phase separation. The ellipsometry measurement revealed that the interfacial thickness of this combination was only 10nm, which was too small for sufficient adhesion between the core and shell. Therefore larger interfacial thicknesses were tested by incrementally decreasing the χ parameter by changing monomer composition. A strong relationship between actual λ and the χ parameter was found. The λ could be controlled at 80nm by using a resin combination based on 1,2PD/IPA and 1,2PD/IPA/AS, and a core-shell toner was produced using this combination of polyester resins. The adhesion between core and shell was found to be sufficiently strong, and the relationship between low temperature fusing and storage stability became significantly better compared with the toner having miscible core and shell.

Journal Title : NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference
Publisher Name : Society for Imaging Science and Technology
Publisher Location : 7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA
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 DOI 10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2014.30.1.art00057_1
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Tomohide Yoshida, Norihiro Fukuri, Eiji Shirai, Katsutoshi Aoki, "The Improvement of Core-Shell Toner by Controlling the Interfacial Thickness Between Core and Shell Polyesters"  in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP30),  2014,  pp 229 - 232,  https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2014.30.1.art00057_1

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NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference
nip digi fabric conf
2169-4451
Society for Imaging Science and Technology
7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA
2169-4451(20140101)2014:1L.229;1-
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Articles
The Improvement of Core-Shell Toner by Controlling the Interfacial Thickness Between Core and Shell Polyesters
YoshidaTomohide
FukuriNorihiro
ShiraiEiji
AokiKatsutoshi
01012014
2014
1
229
232
2014
The fabrication of polyester core-shell toner by emulsion aggregation method was investigated to realize better balance of low-energy fusing and good storage stability. In core-shell toners which use high Tg shell resin and low Tg core resin, the storage stability can be significantly worse than expected from shell Tg. It was thought that the core moiety diffused into the shell by interfacial polymer diffusion in the heating coalescing process. From this viewpoint, the control of the interfacial diffusion (interfacial thickness: λ) between the core and shell was examined based on the χ parameter of the polyester resin combinations which was calculated by monomer composition. After examinations of several polyester combinations based on calculated χ parameters, it was found that 1,2-propanediol (1,2PD)/isophthalic acid (IPA) polyester and 1,2PD/alkenyl succinic anhydride (AS) polyester showed a strong phase separation. The ellipsometry measurement revealed that the interfacial thickness of this combination was only 10nm, which was too small for sufficient adhesion between the core and shell. Therefore larger interfacial thicknesses were tested by incrementally decreasing the χ parameter by changing monomer composition. A strong relationship between actual λ and the χ parameter was found. The λ could be controlled at 80nm by using a resin combination based on 1,2PD/IPA and 1,2PD/IPA/AS, and a core-shell toner was produced using this combination of polyester resins. The adhesion between core and shell was found to be sufficiently strong, and the relationship between low temperature fusing and storage stability became significantly better compared with the toner having miscible core and shell.