<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.1 20050630//EN" "http://uploads.ingentaconnect.com/docs/dtd/ingenta-journalpublishing.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society for Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2014.30.1.art00057_1</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20140101)2014:1L.229;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2014n1/splitsection57.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2014/00002014/00000001/art00057</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Improvement of Core-Shell Toner by Controlling the Interfacial Thickness Between Core and Shell Polyesters</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Yoshida</surname>
            <given-names>Tomohide</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Fukuri</surname>
            <given-names>Norihiro</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Shirai</surname>
            <given-names>Eiji</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Aoki</surname>
            <given-names>Katsutoshi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2014</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>229</fpage>
      <lpage>232</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The fabrication of polyester core-shell toner by emulsion aggregation method was investigated to realize better balance of low-energy fusing and good storage stability. In core-shell toners which use high Tg shell resin and low Tg core resin, the storage stability can be significantly
 worse than expected from shell Tg. It was thought that the core moiety diffused into the shell by interfacial polymer diffusion in the heating coalescing process. From this viewpoint, the control of the interfacial diffusion (interfacial thickness: &#x3BB;) between the core and shell was
 examined based on the &#x3C7; parameter of the polyester resin combinations which was calculated by monomer composition. After examinations of several polyester combinations based on calculated &#x3C7; parameters, it was found that 1,2-propanediol (1,2PD)/isophthalic acid (IPA) polyester and 1,2PD/alkenyl
 succinic anhydride (AS) polyester showed a strong phase separation. The ellipsometry measurement revealed that the interfacial thickness of this combination was only 10nm, which was too small for sufficient adhesion between the core and shell. Therefore larger interfacial thicknesses were
 tested by incrementally decreasing the &#x3C7; parameter by changing monomer composition. A strong relationship between actual &#x3BB; and the &#x3C7; parameter was found. The &#x3BB; could be controlled at 80nm by using a resin combination based on 1,2PD/IPA and 1,2PD/IPA/AS, and a core-shell
 toner was produced using this combination of polyester resins. The adhesion between core and shell was found to be sufficiently strong, and the relationship between low temperature fusing and storage stability became significantly better compared with the toner having miscible core and shell.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
