The effect of ac high fields on toner transfer in electrophotography has been studied. It has been revealed that the high ac components generate the reciprocating motions of toner particles in recessed portions of papers, and reduce the toner adhesions by repeatedly providing the physical and the electrical interactions among toner particles. Therefore, since toner particles can be transferred onto papers by low dc components, uniform images are realized even on heavily textured papers without discharge generation.
Shinji Aoki, Haruo Iimura, Yasuhiko Ogino, Keigo Nakamura, Ichiro Maeda, Naomi Sugimoto, Shinya Tanaka, "New Effect of AC High Field on Toner Transfer" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP29), 2013, pp 545 - 549, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2013.29.1.art00066_2