Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are seen as potential candidates of environmentally friendly power sources for a wide range of fields. The durability and production cost are the main shortcomings limiting the large scale development and commercialization of this technology. In this paper we report both experimental findings on PEMFC fuel cell electrodes manufacturing by inkjet printing as well as theoretical modeling of the impact of particle-laden drops and their evaporation which in final lead to the printed electrodes. The experiments highlight that deposit patterns which may be in the form of coffee rings and affect electrochemical performance. The form of the deposits is strongly influenced by four main parameters: solvent composition, solid content, substrate properties and temperature. A numerical model is developed for better understanding and predicting the spreading of one or more drops and the resulting coffee ring formation. The model is based on the lubrication approximation taking into account contact line motion of the drops, solvent evaporation, viscous and Marangoni effects which all play a critical role in the enhancement or limitation of coffee ring formation. This work may be considered as a first step to better control catalyst ink deposit patterns during manufacturing of fuel cells by fluid jetting.
Moussa Tembely, Anne-Gaëlle Mercier, Christine Nayoze, Anne Blayo, Arthur Soucemarianadin, "Inkjet Printing of Fuel Cell Electrodes: Spreading and Evaporation of Particle-Laden Drops" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP27), 2011, pp 160 - 163, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2011.27.1.art00041_1