Core-shell (C-S) particles having ultra-thin shell layers on the core particle surface are prepared with the coacervation process and their surface structure or tribo-charging characteristics are investigated. Spherical, positively chargeable polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) particles having a particle size of approximately 10 μm are used as the core particles. Negatively or positively chargeable ultra-fine particles having a particle size of 3 to 100 nm are used as the shell particles. Through the coacervation process in water, the shell particles are precipitated onto the core particle surface to yield C-S particles. From SEM observation and the blow-off tribo-charge measurements of the CS particles, it is confirmed that (1) an ultra-thin single shell layer having a thickness of less than 20 nm and completely covering the underlying core surface is obtained, (2) the charging characteristics of the C-S particles are governed by the composition of the ultra-thin layer, (3) double shell C-S particles, in which a second ultra-thin shell layer is coated over the single shell C-S particles, are also obtained, (4) the charging characteristics of the double shell C-S particles are governed by the composition of the second ultra-thin shell layer.
Takashi Iimura, Osami Abe, Toshihiko Oguchi, "Charge controlling capability of ultra-thin shell layers formed on a spherical PMMA core particle surface" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP25), 2009, pp 35 - 38, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2009.25.1.art00013_1