Stability of a conducting drop hanging from a nozzle in an electric field was examined theoretically. With this static model, stability of electrostatic inkjet process was estimated. The basic equations are the augmented Young-Laplace equation for drop shape and the Laplace equation for electric field. These coupled equations were solved by the Finite Element Method. By the initial condition of its shape, a drop could be deformed into different shapes, such as “conical shape,” “nipple” or “dog bone” with the increment of non-dimensional electric field. The concentration of electric field around the corner of a nozzle was found to be the cause of these multiple shapes.
Kazuyuki Tada, Hiroyuki Kawamoto, "Stability Analysis of a Drop Generation from a Nozzle in an Electric Field" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP24), 2008, pp 291 - 294, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2008.24.1.art00076_1