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Volume: 21 | Article ID: art00019_2
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A Digital Halftoning Using Magic Square
  DOI :  10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2005.21.1.art00019_2  Published OnlineJanuary 2005
Abstract

Digital halftoning is essential to print or display a continuous tone with binary devices. Error Diffusion (ED) has been a major stream to produce a pictorial image on inkjet prints, but is not always acceptable for commercial printing or EP printer, because it generates the dispersed dots hard to print.This paper proposes a novel method for generating ordered dither mask using “magic square”. Magic square provides spatially balanced threshold values in row, column, and diagonal directions by the rule of “even-sum”. The proposed magic square satisfies the energy minimum criterion in the local area and is expandable to a large scale for sufficient gray scales. We selected the magic square candidates with Fourier spectra concentrated in the middle spatial frequency to produce a smoothed gradation suitable for LBP or commercial printing. The paper introduces a systematic method for expanding small mask to large mask by “master-slave” algorithm. The experimental results show the improved grayscale reproduction with reduced artifacts in comparison with the conventional Bayer dither or ED.

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Hiroaki Kotera, Fugen Jin, Takahiko Horiuchi, "A Digital Halftoning Using Magic Squarein Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP21),  2005,  pp 403 - 407,  https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2005.21.1.art00019_2

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