Fuji Xerox has been investigating two types of electronic paper. One is Photo-addressable E-Paper using cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) and an organic photo conductor (OPC) for purpose of paper-like handling. The other is Toner Display using black and white charged insulative particles for paper-like appearance.Photo-addressable E-Paper with microencapsulated ChLC stacked on the OPC can be switched quickly with light modulation by alternative current pulses. A prototype for black and white image was fabricated with coating processes on plastic substrate, which enabled the electronic paper to be thin, lightweight and flexible. The quality of the printed image was of high-resolution, a wide viewing angle, non-volatile and stable against bending or pressing. We introduced the feasibility of full color with a novel driving scheme for stacked red, green, blue ChLC layers.Toner Display uses black and white particles with different polarities between a pair of electrodes with a certain air gap. These particles are moved to opposite directions by an applied electric field. They provide a high contrast of black and white reflective images with a wide viewing angle. The movement of particles exhibits a threshold in response to the applied electric field, thus they can form images using the passive matrix drive.
Hiroshi Arisawa, Kiyoshi Shigehiro, "Photo-addressable E-Paper and Toner Display" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP20), 2004, pp 922 - 926, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2004.20.1.art00086_2