The market expectation to high-speed color laser printing technology is growing every year, and the boundary between large volume printing within offices and industrial printing is finally about to disappear.Big factors for such changes are1. Rapid development of network environment,2. Improvement of on-demand printing performances, realized by evolution of polymerization toner, related technologies and other technologies such as image-processing,3. Improvement of color image quality,4. Realistic prices and so on.From now on, more and more information will be digitalized, and when customers stick to output on paper, key points of customer requests would be that they can print on any type of paper, at high speed, with high quality and with high reliability, completed with a nice range of finishing procedures. Therefore, it will be important to further scale down toner particles, lower particle adhesion, and enable low-temperature fixing.In the high-speed color laser beam printer domain, therefore, technologies with polymerization toner as a core technology will surely gain more importance.

Porphyrin compounds are widely known to play an important role in biological systems. We have recently found that tetrabenzoporphyrin (i.e. metal-free porphyrin: BP) exhibits an excellent FET characteristic. BP is usually synthesized via metal salts such as Zn and Cd. Because of this, FET characteristics are rather limited due to incur-porated metallic impurities. However, FET performance is greatly improved when BP is directly prepared by thermal decomposition from its precursor (CP) that is free from metals. The present paper deals with crystal structure of both BP and CP as well as their electronic characterization. Special attention has been focused on the comparison in electronic structure between BP and metal-free phthalocyanine (H₂Pc). Both compounds are quite similar in molecular conformation and arrangement. Nevertheless, the crystallographic parameters are quite different. Furthermore, their polarized reflection spectra measured on single crystals are also significantly different.

The introduction by Hewlett Packard of the ThinkJet printer in 1984 marked a turning point in ink jet printing. A technology which had been primarily implemented in industrial applications embarked upon a developmental course that ushered in consumer digital photography via unheard of low prices for a desktop printer capable of photographic image quality. In this sense the complexity of ink jet printing was domesticated, bringing it onto the desktop and into the home with simplicity of operation, maintenance and user interface. Complementing the extension into consumer applications, professional photographers and commercial printers have found ever expanding applications for the large and ultra-large format ink jet implementations. Today, the installed base of ink jet printers is in the hundreds of millions. These numbers have not arisen simply from a predictable improvement in the performance parameters such as resolution, drop volume and operating frequency. Parallel innovations in ink, colorants (both dyes and pigments), specialty substrates, digital halftone algorithms and colorimetrically based color reproduction methods have acted as technology “forces” to guide the evolution of ink jet printing. The ever increasing computational power of PCs coupled with plunging memory costs has added “fuel to the fire” as it were, energizing a digital imaging revolution that has centered, to a great deal, on ink jet printing.Given this remarkable history some obvious questions occur, many centering around the future of ink jet. Some of these relate to the ability of ink jet to compete with other printing technologies such as laser electrophotography, dye sublimation, even offset lithography. This approach leads to a performance specification analysis: resolution, dry time, drop volume, grayscale capability, waterfastness, operating frequency, lightfastness, color gamut etc., and the list is yet quite incomplete. Another approach is to examine the future directions for the printing applications, such as digital photography, where ink jet printers are very popular, and seek to ascertain how ink jet can supply the changing demands of those markets. The author will seek to blend both of these approaches as a way of looking to the future.Finally, the insights and lessons derived from taking a nascent idea and following its development from a very modest 96 dpi printer all the way into the photographic imaging technology of today's ink jets are of value to all who seek to invent. A selection of observations, lessons and some humorous stories will be offered for potential inventors.

Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPP) are well-known organic pigments. The title compound (DPPP) is one of DPP derivatives that shows a high proton affinity because of the N atoms of the pyridyl ring. Protonation at the N-site brings about a variety of changes in color as well as in electrical and photoelectrical conductivities. Two crystal modifications have been found to exist: DPPP I (grown from vapor phase) and DPPP II (grown from solution). Structure analysis revealed that there is a striking difference in intermolecular hydrogen bonds between two modifications: DPPP I is characterized only by NH…O hydrogen bonds whereas DPPP II include two of the H-bond based on NH…N and NH…O.

It is said that Internet traffic doubles about every nine months. We have access to much more information than before through electronic media. These electronic media sometimes do away with the need for paper, but at other times they create more demand for it. Paper supports some kinds of human activities better than the electronic alternatives do. For example, paper presents a much more comfortable and barrier-free interface to its users than liquid crystal displays. In fact, people prefer to print documents out on paper when they want to read them.Recently, there has been increasing interest in electronic paper that combines the advantages of electronic media with the human-friendly characteristics of paper. This talk focuses on the properties, candidates and prospects for e-paper and the contents can be outlined using the six what-why-who-where-when-how questions (5W1H) as described below:1 Properties of e-paper1.1 What is e-paper?1.2 Why is e-paper required?2 Candidates for e-paper2.1 Who is investigating e-paper?2.2 How will they create e-paper?3 Prospects for e-paper3.1 Where will e-paper be used?3.2 When will e-paper be successful in the market?1.1 What is E-Paper?The definition of e-paper depends on individuals at present. Some people think that e-paper is a re-writable paper, while others believe that it is a flexible display. However, it is sure that there is a technology field called epaper and the goal of e-paper research is to combine the rewritable nature of electronic media with the characteristics of paper.1.2 Why is E-Paper Required?From a technical point of view, it seems to be more important to consider why e-paper is required than what epaper is. The advantages of e-paper relative to a conventional display will be described, with respect to its readability, bistability and flexibility.2.1 Who is Investigating E-Paper?The present candidates for e-paper along with their inventors will be introduced, including particle based systems such as electrophoretic image displays and electrical twisting ball displays, liquid crystal systems such as cholesteric liquid displays, and other new technologies such as electrowetting displays.2.2 How Will They Create E-Paper?The success of e-paper clearly depends on solving the technical problems associated with it such as its relatively slow response time and the difficulty of achieving color images. The attempts to solve these problems are focused on here.3.1 Where Will E-Paper be Used?E-paper will give us a significant opportunity for new product development. The application of e-paper will be discussed, with particular emphasis on electronic books and electronic newspapers.3.2 When Will E-Paper be Successful in the Market?Although the readability of e-paper is recognized to be better than that of a conventional display, there is still a gap in readability compared to traditional paper. Will e-paper be a threat to traditional paper when it achieves paper-like readability? The discussion will focus on the future of both paper and e-paper.

Strong and singular electronic interaction between naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) and indium was investigated using various spectroscopic and electric techniques. Doping indium into NTCDA by codeposition caused remarkable changes in the electronic absorption and electron spin resonance spectra, which were attributed to a partial charge transfer from the metal to the carbonyl oxygen. X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption measurements revealed that these electronic interactions prevent aggregation of the organic molecules, resulting in formation of microscopically mixed and amorphous-like films. In addition, indium doped NTCDA showed very high conductivity exceeding 10⁻² S/cm, and some stability in under atmospheric condition.

The last several years have seen Inkjet printing penetrate and dominate high value added, nicheprinting applications.As industrial inkjet has proven itself in terms of reliability, quality and productivity, it is now ready to move from the Niche to The Mainstream of industrial printing applications.Scitex Corporation and more specifically Scitex Vision is and has been for several years in the forefront of this trend. We would like to share with the audience our experience in penetrating Industrial markets. Specifically we will relate to the challenges presented by the various markets we address and how we go about addressing them from a product / technology point of view as well as from a marketing / business development perspective.We will attempt to address the economic trade offs as viewed by the customers and even project the rate of industrial inkjet penetration solutions we expect in various market segments.

2,9-Dichlorodithioketoquinacridone (DTQ-Cl: Fig.1(a)) is a thionated derivative of industrially important 2,9-dichloroquinacridone used as colorants in painting and imaging industries. Crystallographic and electronic characterization has been carried out on dimethylacetamide-solvated single crystals: DTQ-Cl/(DMA)₂. There are two crystal Modifications I and II which crystallize in the space group of P21/c and P-1, respectively. In both crystals, two DMA molecules are hydrogen-bonded to one DTQ-Cl molecule. A larger bathochromic is observed on going from solution to the solid state in Modification II than in Modification I (730 and 520 cm⁻¹). This is presumably due to larger excitonic interactions between transition dipoles in modification II than in modification I.

It is known that the mechanism of the charging roller system is the discharge generation in an air gap close to the nip region of the charging roller and the photoconductor. It is important to maintain the stability of discharge for the image quality. Generally, a charging roller has an elastic layer on the surface. The resistance of this elastic layer tends to change with environmental conditions or material property variations.We focus on the fundamental composition that is DC bias charging roller system; the relationship between the resistance of the charging roller and the charged potential of the photoconductor are studied. Consequently, it turns out that the change of electrification potential and generation of uneven electrification are closely related to the resistance of a charging roller. Furthermore, it turns out that uneven electrification is generated due to condition changes which electric discharge is generated at an outlet region of the nip. We found that the above phenomena can be explained by using the relationship between passing time of the air gap close to nip area and the time constant of the roller resistance. From these results, the knowledge for stabilizing image quality is obtained.

Control the orientation of molecular stacking in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films were tried by applying an electric field during vacuum deposition. The results of the absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction suggest that the electric field changes the molecular configuration in the CuPc thin films. The vertical resistivity of the film grown under the electric field was smaller than that of film grown without electric field.