Dimeric electron transport materials having the following general structure were developed.All these derivatives were made in a three step reaction. First, 9-fluorenone-4-carboxylic acid was chlorinated with thionyl chloride to form 9-fluorenone-4-carbonyl chloride. Second, 9-fluorenone-4-carbonyl
chloride was reacted with a diol or dithiol compounds to form a dimeric fluorenone intermediate. Finally, the intermediate was reacted with malononitrile to form the electron transport product. Fourteen new derivatives were made with different linkage groups, X. The final products were purified
and their structures confirmed by proton NMR. The glass transition temperature (
Zbig Tokarski, Ron Moudry, Kam Law, Nusrallah Jubran, Vytautas Getautis, Vygintas Jankauskas, Valentas Gaidelis, Edmundas Montrimas, Jonas Sidaravicius, "Dimeric Electron Transport Materials and Their Use in Electrophotography" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP19), 2003, pp 708 - 712, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2003.19.1.art00063_2