An intermediate belt architecture and a transfix process are in use for liquid toner electrophotography systems. Here we describe the impact of transfix temperature and carrier content in the toned image layer on transfer efficiency and fix level. Temperature has to be high enough to melt the toner. Increasing carrier concentration lowers the toner melting point and increases image fix to paper. But high carrier concentration decreases the cohesive strength of the toner layer and causes incomplete transfer and toner penetration into uncoated paper.
Ed Caruthers, James Larson, John Berkes, John Chambers, Rasin Moser, "Liquid Toner Transfix Print Process" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP19), 2003, pp 45 - 48, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2003.19.1.art00013_1