One of the goals of color appearance models is perceptual uniformity. In a perceptually uniform space, 1 ΔE difference between two colors would have similar magnitude visually regardless of the hue, chroma, or lightness of the colors being compared. In reality, there can be significant differences in perceived magnitude, resulting in modified ΔE metrics such as ΔE94 and ΔE2000. This paper proposes a method for improving existing expressions for CIELAB by modifying the matrix converting LMS->XYZ and the coefficients in CIELAB.
Christopher J. Edge, "Method for Optimizing CIELAB" in Proc. IS&T 16th Color and Imaging Conf., 2008, pp 28 - 29, https://doi.org/10.2352/CIC.2008.16.1.art00006