A psychophysical experiment was performed to measure the visibility of chromatic noise. Through Principle Component Analysis (PCA) on the results of this experiment, an orthogonal color space with the luminance channel independent of chromatic channels was constructed. By transforming noise images into this space, the visibility of chromatic noise can be predicted. Comparison with other opponent color spaces illustrates their relative properties regarding cross-talk of chromatic noise into the luminance channel (or vice versa).
Xiaoyan Song, Garrett M. Johnson, Mark D. Fairchild, "Minimizing the Perception of Chromatic Noise in Digital Images" in Proc. IS&T 12th Color and Imaging Conf., 2004, pp 340 - 346, https://doi.org/10.2352/CIC.2004.12.1.art00059