With recent advancements in display technology, the perception of objects based on their images has become a crucial aspect of the human visual experience. “Shitsukan” refers to a comprehensive perception of an object’s appearance, encompassing various attributes such as roughness, glossiness, and transparency. The accurate reproduction of these characteristics is increasingly necessary in various applications. However, the impact of pixel structures in different displays on shitsukan perception remains unclear. To achieve consistent reproduction and effective shitsukan management across displays, it is essential to clarify the impact of pixel structure on shitsukan perception. This study aimed to investigate the effect of display pixel arrangements on roughness perception. In an evaluation experiment, the effects of three sub-pixel arrays (red, green and blue [RGB], red, green, blue, and white [RGBW], and PenTile) on roughness perception using natural images were analyzed. The experimental results showed that variations in sub-pixel arrays significantly influence roughness perception under the given conditions. The average responses of all observers indicated that the PenTile array exhibited the highest perceived roughness, followed by the RGB and RGBW arrays. These findings suggest that variations in sub-pixel arrays can influence roughness perception. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of observer responses via cluster analysis indicated that the relative influence of sub-pixel arrays on roughness perception varied among observers. It was also confirmed that differences in perceived roughness arise from image content and texture complexity. Specifically, the effect of sub-pixel arrays was more pronounced for images with complex textures and high-frequency components, while differences between arrays were less noticeable in images with simpler textures.
Products can be promoted by improving their value using shitsukan, that is, feelings or impressions of the perception of their material appearance. Particularly, products made of leather are generally attractive to consumers. Although the number of products made from artificial leather has been increasing in recent years, the impression of their appearance is different from that of products made of genuine leather. This study investigates the impression elicited by leather and proposes a model to assess people’s feeling of its authenticity. We developed a measurement system and conducted subjective evaluation experiments on two groups of participants divided according to whether they were familiar with leather. The proposed evaluation model is based on a visual perception mechanism. We first investigated the correlation between characteristics of image samples and impression factors estimated by using factor analysis. Then, we confirmed the correlation among the impression factors and values of the feeling of authenticity. The R-squared value between subjective values of the feeling of authenticity and our proposed assessment values was approximately 0.8.