Poor surface color reproduction and incomplete color management system are the main impeding factors for the commercialization of full-color 3D printing. In this paper, the coloration mechanisms as well as characteristics of 3D surfaces were introduced, and a variety of impregnation methods suitable for powder-based 3D printing were integrated. The 24-color cards and four-primary cubes were printed by 3D Systems ProJet 860 Pro printer to compare single-plane and multi-plane optimization effects, choose the best impregnation process and put forward a guide to improve impregnants. The results revealed that the saturation of 3D printing surface color was greatly increased and the brightness was slightly decreased after impregnation process, which reduced chromatic aberration on single-plane or multi-plane. ColorBond and transparent coating spray are the most suitable combination for powder-based 3D objects. Increasing the uniformity, transparency and permeability of coatings is beneficial to further optimize surface colors.