Demand for higher print resolution and reduced energy consumption is driving development of smaller and softer toners. Embedding of external additives into soft toners during the development and deterioration of properties such as cohesion and tribocharge is one of the major problems that toner formulators face. In order to protect small particles on the toner surface from being embedded, large particle silica is often used as a spacer particle. Over the last ten years, spacer additives have become a crucial component of modern formulations. Cabot has recently significantly extended its portfolio of external additives for toners with an emphasis on large particle silica. In particular, several new grades based on 60 m2/g fumed silica, and colloidal silicas with particle sizes between 40 and 200 nm have been introduced. In this paper, we present performance data for a set of fumed and colloidal silicas that illustrates the effect of different surface treatments. In addition, Cabot has developed novel silica-polymer composite particles that show promise as spacer additives. These materials show reduced drop off from the toner surface compared to colloidal silica of similar size, potentially allowing formulators to use larger size spacer particles.
Hajime Kambara, Jim Boswell, Anna Groenewal, Hairuo Tu, Alyson Christopher, Geoffrey Moeser, Dmitry Fomitchev, "External Additives for Toners: Characteristics of Fumed Silica, Colloidal Silica, and Next Generation Materials" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP28), 2012, pp 209 - 212, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2012.28.1.art00061_1