We have measured eye fatigue after each 90 minutes of reading on a paper (book), electronic paper (book reader using electrophoretic reflective display), and LCD (backlight type liquid crystal display). Increase of Near Point Distance was measured in each subject as an objective index. Subjective impression of eye fatigue was answered by subjects using fatigue scale of 5 ranks. As a result, the biggest fatigue was indicated by LCD while the smallest fatigue was indicated by a conventional paper book.
Satoshi Mori, Makoto Omodani, "Comparison of eye fatigue among readings on conventional book and two typical electronic books equipped with electrophoretic display and LC display" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP27), 2011, pp 225 - 228, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2011.27.1.art00057_1