Toner printing technologies represented by electrophotography have big advantages in electronic printing. Toner is controlled by electrostatic force and forms images on paper. So, high speed and plain paper printing are realized. The electrophotography has six processes of charging, exposure, developing, transfer, fixing, and cleaning. Charging and exposure are unified into one process to form latent electrostatic image and electrostatic printing is developed. To realize simpler printing mechanism, TonerJet® and TCB (Toner Cloud Beam) are also proposed. Electrophotography is reviewed from the fundamental viewpoint. Other toner technologies are also reviewed.
Yasushi Hoshino, Kai Li, Disna J. Karunanayake, Takeshi Hasegawa, "Toner Printing Technology" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP25), 2009, pp 418 - 421, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2009.25.1.art00002_2