We have proposed novel Color Electrophoretic Image Display, CEPID, based on the movement of white, black and color particles in an insulating liquid. There are non-electrophoretic white particles, negatively charged black particles and positively charged color particles in the cell. The movement of charged particles is controlled by the change of polarity of voltage applied to three electrodes. This CEPID cell displays black/white and color by changing polarity of voltage applied to driving electrodes. Both of black and color particles move to the driving electrodes when each driving electrode is applied to positive and negative voltage, we can see white image through the common electrode.
Hiroshi Endo, Masahiro Masuzawa, Sakiko Nakamura, Nobukazu Miyagawa, Takashi Kitamura, "Color Electrophoretic Image Display Based on Movement of Particles Using Two Driving Electrodes" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP24), 2008, pp 154 - 157, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2008.24.1.art00040_1