Texture of toners affects many electrophotogaphic properties. The limited coalescence manufacturing method used to make chemically prepared toner (CPT) results in folded spheres with complex shapes. The thickness and quantity of these folds may be assessed by the amplification of light scattering. Evaluation of SEM photomicrographs shows a correlation of the fold thickness and light-scattering amplification. The angular scattering information indicates that the amplification occurs over all size scales rather than that of the fold thickness. Other texture information may be gathered from surface area and the cavity volume included in the folds. The included cavity volume of the folds may be assessed by the combination of spherical equivalent and aerodynamic diameters.
Kevin Lofftus, "Texture Characterization of Chemically Prepared Toners" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP24), 2008, pp 94 - 97, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2008.24.1.art00024_1