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Volume: 23 | Article ID: art00054_1
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Toner Aging: Causes and Effects
  DOI :  10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2007.23.1.art00054_1  Published OnlineJanuary 2007
Abstract

In this review, a simple conceptual model for xerographic developer charging is used as a framework to illustrate key aspects of toner aging. Topics covered include: the effect of toner additives (external/internal) on charge level and charge admix; the effect of toner physical properties such as concentration and size on performance; the impact on toner aging of external factors such as toner throughput rate, relative humidity and process control strategies.

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Robert J. Nash, "Toner Aging: Causes and Effectsin Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication (NIP23),  2007,  pp 221 - 229,  https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2007.23.1.art00054_1

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