The toning process has a strong size selectivity leading to filming of the carrier which can result in image fogging or high process control set points. Preparation of toners with minimal fines is needed to minimize these deleterious effects. The Coulter Counter technique has been the standard for characterizing toners because its ability to discriminate fines levels. It has been shown by using an internally purged aperture tube [1] that recounting of particles inside the aperture tube gives erroneously high fines measurements. The duration of the counting event is longer for particles inside the tube passing the aperture close enough to be recounted than it is for particles passing through the aperture. One can discriminate the recount artifacts from real counts using the pulse duration data available from measurements made the Multisizer 3.
Kevin Lofftus, "Time Discrimination of Coulter Recount Artifact" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP22), 2006, pp 161 - 164, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2006.22.1.art00040_1