Particle shape is becoming an increasingly important element in toner development. Controlling the particle shape provides an additional method for manipulating the fluidity, chargeability and transfer efficiency of toner. Improper flow and charging conditions can inhibit print performance due to excess or insufficient toner present at the toner addition mechanism and variability of adhesion to the photoreceptor surface. Previous methods of determining particle shape are shown to have insufficient resolution for recent and more technologically advanced toners due to decreasing particle size. A new method is presented utilizing the strengths of scanning electron microscopy for determining aspects of particle shape with a higher resolution and better accuracy for particles below 7 microns.
Dustin M. Earnhardt, Mark R. Cummings, Kenzo Ogata, "Toner Particle Shape Characterization by FE-SEM Image Analysis" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP22), 2006, pp 148 - 151, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2006.22.1.art00037_1