A popular technique in color electrophotography is to transfer the developed toner in two steps. While the principles are the same, the physical properties of the system components differ significantly between primary and secondary transfers, or between primary transfers of firstcolor toner and second-color toner. The effects of these differences on the transfer fields are quantitatively examined by mathematical analyses.
Inan Chen, "Electrostatic Transfer of Color Images in Electrophotography" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP20), 2004, pp 30 - 34, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2004.20.1.art00010_1