Strategies for the making functional toners are examined as well as means to convert particulate images into solid structures. Limitations on the imaging and fusing process imposed by the substrates are reviewed. Examples of electronic components printed on glass, paper, and PET film are shown.Finally the converting of amorphous silicon layers to the polycrystalline state for high performance transistors using a catalytic toner is presented. Also the Electrophoretic Self Assembly of silicon die using toner-imaging techniques is discussed.
Robert H. Detig, "Electrostatic Printing of Functional Liquid Toners for Electronic Manufacturing Applications" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP19), 2003, pp 660 - 663, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2003.19.1.art00051_2