This report presents a study of the measurements and analyses of toner motion in the development process. By employing a laser sheet visualization technique, toner motions around the spaced single-component development system can be measured. In addition, some quantifying analyses of toner motion were conducted using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). In addition to these analyses, the analyzing method of “toner trace tracking” is introduced. This method calculates the virtual toner trace from the velocity map obtained from PIV results. The quantified toner traces have allowed us to compare measurements and calculations, and obtain more accurate model calculations.
Jun Hirabayashi, "Measurements and Analyses of Toner Motion in the Development Process" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP19), 2003, pp 18 - 21, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2003.19.1.art00007_1