Troubles of photocopying machines and facsimiles led us to measure the power line voltages at the interior wirings in general homes and plants over six months. Data of abnormal voltages, such as a repetitive surge of 430 V and 170 μs, and an overvoltage of 345 Vrms, was obtained. A device which can simulate the measured voltage waveform was developed to reproduce the abnormal voltage for analyzing the cause for failure or malfunctioning. A method of evaluating a varistor connected across AC power lines by superimposing a surge on the line voltage was developed, and no-fire electrolytic capacitors which had already been put to practical use were verified by applying an overvoltage to them.
Toshinori Watabe, Norihiko Okada, Manabu Takeuchi, "Improvement of Reliability of Electronic Components of Photocopying Machines and Facsimiles" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP18), 2002, pp 703 - 706, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2002.18.1.art00067_2