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Volume: 15 | Article ID: art00040_2
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Why Does the Tribo Value Appear to be Independent of Toner Concentration in Some Two–Component Electrophotographic Developers?
E. J. Gutman
R. S. Naumchick
A. M. Webb
  DOI :  10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.1999.15.1.art00040_2  Published Online :  January 1999
Abstract

Recent data for some toners and carriers have shown that the tribo value is independent of the toner concentration. This is contrary to the conventional response in which the tribo value decreases as the toner concentration is increased. Since conventional models seemingly do not predict this behavior, new models have often been proposed to explain this effect. In this work we examine a toner:carrier pair for which the tribo value is independent of toner concentration. This result is obtained when separate developers are made at different toner concentrations. By changing the toner concentration using a technique which preserves the surface properties of the toner and carrier, we show that the conventional tribovalue: toner-concentration dependence is obtained and is consistent with the conventional models. The unusual behavior in which the tribo value is independent of the toner concentration is a result of changes in the toner and carrier surface composition when developers are prepared and mixed at different toner concentrations. Surface measurements of toner and carrier show toner-concentration-dependent surface modifications.

Journal Title : NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference
Publisher Name : Society of Imaging Science and Technology
Publisher Location : 7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA
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 DOI 10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.1999.15.1.art00040_2
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E. J. Gutman, R. S. Naumchick, A. M. Webb, "Why Does the Tribo Value Appear to be Independent of Toner Concentration in Some Two–Component Electrophotographic Developers?"  in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP15),  1999,  pp 539 - 543,  https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.1999.15.1.art00040_2

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Copyright © Society for Imaging Science and Technology 1999
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NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference
nip digi fabric conf
2169-4451
Society of Imaging Science and Technology
7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA
2169-4451(19990101)1999:2L.539;1-
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Articles
Why Does the Tribo Value Appear to be Independent of Toner Concentration in Some Two–Component Electrophotographic Developers?
GutmanE. J.
NaumchickR. S.
WebbA. M.
01011999
1999
2
539
543
1999
Recent data for some toners and carriers have shown that the tribo value is independent of the toner concentration. This is contrary to the conventional response in which the tribo value decreases as the toner concentration is increased. Since conventional models seemingly do not predict this behavior, new models have often been proposed to explain this effect. In this work we examine a toner:carrier pair for which the tribo value is independent of toner concentration. This result is obtained when separate developers are made at different toner concentrations. By changing the toner concentration using a technique which preserves the surface properties of the toner and carrier, we show that the conventional tribovalue: toner-concentration dependence is obtained and is consistent with the conventional models. The unusual behavior in which the tribo value is independent of the toner concentration is a result of changes in the toner and carrier surface composition when developers are prepared and mixed at different toner concentrations. Surface measurements of toner and carrier show toner-concentration-dependent surface modifications.