An accurate analog electronic circuit model of a high quality liquid electrophotographic process is presented. The critical static and dynamic electrical material characteristics were measured experimentally, and programmed into the dynamic model. The process is then “run on the computer,” revealing important and subtle process characteristics and parameters which are otherwise not measurable. The process model is refined through iterative cross-checking with the physical process so that all of the experimentally measurable electrical parameters are in agreement with the analog circuit model parameters. The power of such an accurate dynamic model lies in its ability to investigate on the computer, rather than in custom hardware, with reasonable confidence: 1. different experimental arrangements, varying considerably from the initial physical embodiment, 2. dramatically different speed regimes, for future embodiments, 3. various internal dynamic voltages, currents and fields, within development “nips,” photoreceptor layers, etc., which are inaccessible to normal, experimental “observation,” and 4. possible future problem areas, along with various alternatives.For example, the process model was used to investigate accurately, a new high speed design for more than a year before the experimental hardware was available, providing important design changes before the hardware was “off the drawing board.”
Arthur R. Kotz, David A. Ender, "Dynamic Electronic Circuit Model for an Emerging, High Quality Liquid Electrophotographic Process" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP14), 1998, pp 235 - 238, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.1998.14.1.art00058_1