Toner charge is important in developing process of electrophotography. Toner is charged by contact with carrier (or developing roller). Toner charge when toner moves to photoreceptor is essential in developing. On monocomponent roller developing system, toner charges on roller of before developing zone, on photoconductor, and on roller after developing zone are measured, respectively. From the measured toner charges, the toner re-charging mechanism in developing process is discussed.
Hiroshi Suzuki, Yasushi Hoshino, "Toner Charging in Developing Process" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP14), 1998, pp 470 - 472, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.1998.14.1.art00034_2