To understand tribocharging characteristic of polymers containing CCA, influence of the amount of surface CCA on the toner charging was investigated for various CCA's. The charging behavior of the toners with CCA was strongly related to the crystal form and solubility into resin of CCA particles. The amount of surface CCA influenced the tribochaging rate of toners. TSC measurements indicate that the interface between CCA and resin works as charging sites for tribocharging of toners.
Shinji Otani, Yuto Matsumoto, Manabu Takeuchi, "Tribocharging Mechanism of Polymers with CCA" in Proc. IS&T Int'l Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP14), 1998, pp 341 - 344, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.1998.14.1.art00003_2