Along with the improvement of quality requirements in industrial production, surface inspection of workpiece has gradually become an indispensable and important process in the production of the workpiece. Aiming at the traditional methods in textured paper inspection, there are problems of low efficiency and large error; based on machine vision, we propose a “photometric stereo vision + fast Fourier enhancement + feature fusion” composite structure inspection method. First, as the traditional CCD camera produces obvious noise and scratches, which are difficult to distinguish from the background texture area, we propose combining the photometric stereo vision measurement algorithm to get the surface gradient information of the textured paper to obtain more gradient texture information; and then realize the secondary enhancement of the image through Fourier transform in spatial and frequency domains. Second, as the textured paper scratches are difficult to detect, the features are difficult to extract, and the threshold boundary is difficult to define, we propose dynamic threshold segmentation through multi-feature fusion to realize the surface scratch detection work of textured paper. We designed experiments using more than 300 different textured papers; and the results show that the composite structure detection method proposed in this paper is feasible and has advantages.