The present article investigates a particular problem: how vividness can be calculated and used to evaluate printer quality. Vividness is a term representing chromaticness of colors (conceptually similar to chroma) and has also been adopted as one of the color adjectives in Inter Society Color Council-National Bureau of Standards (ISCC-NBS) color naming and practical color coordinate (PCCS) systems. According to ISO 20462-2, a new psychophysical method (triplet comparison method) was performed. As a result, an interval scale for vividness was established, and it was modeled as a function of mean chroma, C^*_ab, and lightness, L^*, of printer primary and secondary colors. Pearson correlation between the metric prediction and corresponding subjective data was about 0.96. The methodology was further extended to measure observer preference (preferred-vividness). Both preferred-vividness and vividness metrics were based upon chroma and lightness, but the contribution of lightness is much higher in the former (∼40%) case than in the latter (∼10%).