The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a standard method used for estimating the image quality of a component for detail recording in an image forming system and for printing quality of the final products. This study focused on the measurement of MTF of nonprinted and printed silk fabrics and a correlation of the MTF data to sharpness of the printed silk fabric using the in-house formulated ink jet ink. The MTF of the surface was measured using the sinusoidal test pattern in contact with the fabric using spatial frequencies from 0.375 to 3.0 cycles/mm. The sinusoidal test target scanned by a microdensitometer in the reflection density mode. These data comprise two frequencies; the high frequency is the characteristic of the fabric while the low frequency is the light scattering of the yarns in contact with the sinusoidal target. The sinusoidal curves at the low frequency were used for further calculation of the MTF values. The result indicated that the measurement of MTF of silk fabric using the contact sinusoidal method can find the point spread function of silk fabrics. This research investigated the relationships of weave style and direction, wicking properties, and the MTF of four different silk fabrics with plain weave (silk A, C, and D) or twill weave (silk B). Dot gain by the Yule–Nielsen model was investigated. The coefficient d calculated by the MTF empirical model was 0.0604 and the coefficient n by the Yule–Nielsen model was 1.636 for silk D which had the lowest d and n coefficients compared with other silk fabrics, indicating good quality in terms of image sharpness.