A printer model for an electrophotographic printer is described that is capable of showing quantitatively the difference in behavior of different halftone patterns. The objective was to develop a model that is independent of the halftone pattern but as computationally simple as possible. A model employing a single point spread function was not found to be sufficiently reliable for this purpose. The model that was finally tested incorporated a point spread function for the distribution of toner mass, a toner delivery function, and a separate point spread function for scattering of light within the paper. The result was found to provide an accurate model of an electrophotographic printer that modeled the printing process quite well for a wide range of halftone patterns with a wide range of spatial frequency characteristics.
J. S. Arney, P. G. Anderson, Sunadi Gunawan, "A Model of Electrophotographic Laser Printing that is Independent of Halftone Algorithm" in Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 2003, pp 455 - 462, https://doi.org/10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2003.47.5.art00013