Tinted eyewear acts as a wavelength-dependent spectral filter in the visual chain and can alter both perceived color appearance and color discrimination, yet its perceptual impact is typically assessed only through physical transmittance or task-specific criteria. This paper proposes a theoretical and computational framework for evaluating tinted eyewear by integrating spectral transmittance with illumination spectra and luminance level. Color appearance changes are predicted using CIECAM16 attributes and bin-based gamut visualizations derived from the TM-30 Color Evaluation Samples, while discrimination performance is assessed for both small and large color differences and validated against behavioral data from two psychophysical experiments. Comparisons among CAM16-UCS color differences, CIEDE2000, HyAB, and cone-contrast metrics show that appearance-based measures effectively describe global color appearance changes, whereas cone-contrast–based metrics exhibit the strongest correspondence with behavioral discrimination performance. The framework provides a perceptually grounded basis for evaluating and comparing tinted eyewear across applications where both color appearance and visual performance are critical.