A visual experiment was completed to evaluate the degree of observer metamerism in color matches between typical color reproduction media. The results illustrate that current CIE standard colorimetric observers provide reasonable estimates of average color matches and that the range of color mismatches encountered in cross media color reproduction due to observer variability can be very large, on the order of 10 CIELAB units.
Mark D. Fairchild, Richard L. Alfvin, "Precision of Color Matches and Accuracy of Color-Matching Functions in Cross-Media Color Reproduction" in Proc. IS&T 3rd Color and Imaging Conf., 1995, pp 18 - 21, https://doi.org/10.2352/CIC.1995.3.1.art00005