We present a non-recursive integral-equation model that predicts perceived grey levels in complex achromatic displays as a function of the physical luminances of individual pixels in the display. The model incorporates spatially local luminance adaptation mechanisms, contrast gain controls and spatial distance dependent weights on lateral connections, and linear summation of the induced effects of individual surrounding pixels.
Qasim Zaidi, Jeremy S. DeBonet, Branka Spehar, "Perceived Grey-Levels in Complex Configurations" in Proc. IS&T 3rd Color and Imaging Conf., 1995, pp 14 - 17, https://doi.org/10.2352/CIC.1995.3.1.art00004