The authors propose a method of image rendering to predict the incomplete chromatic-adaptation effect for paintings. A simple model of incomplete chromatic adaptation is developed to predict the appearance of the paintings under the illumination of an incandescent light source and to produce the full color image on a display device. The authors extend the von Kries framework to incomplete chromatic adaptation. An index parameter representing the degree of incomplete chromatic adaptation is defined based on the color temperature of the black-body radiators. First, the optimum value of the index parameter is determined by visual experiments on memory matching using real paintings and color patches, so that the color image produced on the display is matched to the original appearance of objects in a real scene. This approach is shown to have better performance in comparison with the traditional CIECAM02. Next, an algorithm is presented to estimate the index parameter of the incomplete adaptation index based on the image data of colorimetric rendering for a target painting. It is found that the index parameter can be estimated using only three features extracted from the color image. The color images rendered with the estimated parameter are used to predict the incomplete chromatic-adaptation effect for the original painting under the incandescent light source. The feasibility of the proposed method is confirmed based on a series of experiments using a variety of paintings. © 2014 Society for Imaging Science and Technology. [DOI:10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2014.58.3.030403]