Although much is known about color vision and imaging, there are still important gaps in our knowledge, and the possible impact of these gaps needs addressing. Such topics include the following. Why are color-matching functions based on matches on white, and on matches on spectral colors, different, and what are the implications of this on color technology and imaging? Why does sharpening color-matching functions lead to better chromatic adaptation transforms? Why do the unique hues occur where they do in color space? How are the rods inhibited at high levels of illumination? Why do bluer whites look whiter than neutral whites of the same reflectance, and why is this also true of blacks? How can predicting the color rendering properties of white LEDs be improved? How can the use of true luminance signals be achieved? How can displays using a luminance signal be engineered?