Two psychophysical experiments have been conducted to analyze the perception and understanding of different color representations. Experiment I is a matching experiment using method of adjustment. Three different adjustment control methods were used. The results showed that the Lightness, Chroma, Hue (LCH) and Lightness, red/green, blue/yellow (LRGYB) adjustments elicited significantly better performance than the display RGB adjustment in terms of both precision and time, but were not significantly different from each other. Expert observers have significantly better performance than naive observers in terms of precision. Experiment II is a replication and extension of Melgosa, et al.'s judgment experiment. At a 95% confidence level, the results from judging difference were significantly better than those from judging similarity. Hue and Lightness were significantly more identifiable than Chroma, R/G, and Y/B. For all observers, lightness differences were more easily detected for less chromatic pairs than for higher chromatic ones. With respect to the size of the color differences, it was found that larger hue differences were more easily identifiable than smaller ones. For experts, in the case of large color differences, constant lightness and chroma were more identifiable, while in the case of small color differences, constant hue was more identifiable. There were no significant differences found between male and female.