Consistency of color appearance (CCA) can be defined as an image attribute that gives a sense of identity among a set of images with different tones and colors, where the relationship between a group of colors in one embodiment is consistent with the relationship between the corresponding set of colors in another image. The consistency of color is a complex and important aspect of color reproduction. Maintaining color consistency is particularly crucial for printing and graphic communications, in general, where precise reproduction is required for scene identification, brand identity, and image quality. Characterizing consistency of color appearance in images is a challenging task because it is affected by differences in reproduction processes, viewing environments, and the output requirements. This research addressed the necessity for standardized approaches to assess and model CCA, a pivotal aspect in ensuring precise and uniform color replication across diverse media and platforms. In the experiment observers evaluated and compared the effects of gamut and gray balance variations on visual appearance of printed and displayed images and correlated the resulting CCA scale with image-based colorimetrical data. The study results showed that there is a close similarity between observed CCA for images presented under hard proofing (printed images) and soft proofing (display images) conditions. A high correlation between image-based CCA metrics for displayed and printed images when tested with observers' CCA responses, indicates the feasibility of using display images to study CCA for print production. The use of image data in the analysis offers a fruitful approach for modeling CCA.