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                    <article article-type="research-article">
                    <front>
                        <journal-meta>
                        <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ei</journal-id>
                        <journal-title>Electronic Imaging</journal-title>
                        <issn pub-type="ppub">2470-1173</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2470-1173</issn>
                        <publisher>
                            <publisher-name>Society for Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
                            <publisher-loc>IS&amp;T 7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151 USA</publisher-loc>
                        </publisher>
                        </journal-meta>
                        <article-meta>
                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/EI.2022.34.10.IPAS-390</article-id>
                        <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">IPAS-390</article-id>
                        <article-categories>
                            <subj-group>
                            <subject>Article</subject>
                            </subj-group>
                        </article-categories>
                        <title-group>
                            <article-title>Deep learning based udder classification for cattle traits analysis</article-title>
                        </title-group><contrib-group content-type="all"><contrib contrib-type="author"><name>
                                <surname>Afridi</surname>
                                <given-names>Hina </given-names>
                               </name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1author1"/> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2author1"/></contrib><aff id="aff1author1">Norwegian University of Science Technology, Norway</aff><aff id="aff2author1">Geno AS, Norway</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group content-type="all"><contrib contrib-type="author"><name>
                                <surname>Ullah</surname>
                                <given-names>Mohib </given-names>
                               </name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1author2"/></contrib><aff id="aff1author2">Norwegian University of Science Technology, Norway</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group content-type="all"><contrib contrib-type="author"><name>
                                <surname>Nordbø</surname>
                                <given-names>Øyvind </given-names>
                               </name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2author3"/></contrib><aff id="aff2author3">Geno AS, Norway</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group content-type="all"><contrib contrib-type="author"><name>
                                <surname>Alaya Cheikh</surname>
                                <given-names>Faouzi </given-names>
                               </name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1author4"/></contrib><aff id="aff1author4">Norwegian University of Science Technology, Norway</aff></contrib-group><abstract>
                        <title>Abstract</title>
                        <p>Udder ranking is one of the crucial traits and used extensively
in cattle breeding. The analysis of the udder images is challenging
due to the variations in the captured conditions of the
non-rigid nature of the organ, the farm environment, and disturbances
in the form of irrelevant segments of other cattle
parts. To this end, we proposed a deep learning-based udder
classification algorithm to enhance registrationsâ€™ precision
within cattle breeding. We explore a convolution neural
network (CNN), namely the VGG-16 model. The model
is trained and validated on a cattle dataset that is collected in Norwegian dairy cattle farms. Expert technicians in the
form manually annotate the dataset. We demonstrate that the
VGG-16 model used as the backbone can efficiently give an
acceptable performance with training and validation accuracy
of 97% and 93% respectively on our custom dataset.</p>
                        </abstract><pub-date>
                            <day>16</day>
                            <month>01</month>
                            <year>2022</year>
                            </pub-date><volume>34</volume>
                        <issue-acronym>IPAS</issue-acronym>
                        <issue>10</issue>
                        <fpage>390-1</fpage>
                        <lpage>390-6</lpage>
                        <permissions>
                             <copyright-statement>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.</copyright-statement>
                            <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
                        </permissions><kwd-group><kwd>Udder classification</kwd><kwd> Cattle traits</kwd><kwd> Convolutional neural network</kwd><kwd> Genetic gain.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta>
                    </front>
                    </article>