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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010604</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Electronic Imaging</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2470-1173</issn><issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society for Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2018.15.COIMG-227</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2470-1173(20180128)2018:15L.2271;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">s14.phd</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/ei/2018/00002018/00000015/art00014</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Simulation of Rare Events in Images</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Kubatur</surname>
            <given-names>Shruthi S.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Comer</surname>
            <given-names>Mary L.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>28</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2018</volume>
      <issue>15</issue>
      <fpage>227-1</fpage>
      <lpage>2275</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Many important physical processes in fields such as materials science, ecology, structural biology, and clinical pathology involve the study of microscopic structures – from formation and propagation to steady-state behavior. The study of these phenomena is often very slow, creating
 an enormous need for accurate computer simulation of the underlying processes. In this paper, we provide a robust algorithm for simulation of images of such processes modeled by a Gibbs distribution. As part of our rare-event simulation solution, we adapt an importance sampling technique specifically
 for Markov random fields. We conclude by showing results of simulation of images of abnormal grain growth in poly-crystalline materials and NiCrAl super-alloy precipitates that find applications in several important real-life fields such as aircraft material design.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>RARE EVENTS</kwd>
        <kwd>SIMULATION</kwd>
        <kwd>COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
