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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010604</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Electronic Imaging</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2470-1173</issn><issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society for Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2018.14.HVEI-535</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2470-1173(20180128)2018:14L.1;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">s35.phd</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/ei/2018/00002018/00000014/art00035</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Rational Approaches to Correcting for Multiple Tests</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Tyler</surname>
            <given-names>Christopher W.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>28</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2018</volume>
      <issue>14</issue>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>8</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The logic of the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, or family-wise error, is to set the criterion to reduce the expected number of erroneous false positives, or Type I errors, below 1. This is a very stringent criterion for false positives in cases where the test may be applied
 millions of times, and will necessarily introduce a large proportion of false negatives (missed positives, or Type II errors). A proposed solution to this problem is to adjust the criterion for False Discovery Rate (Benjamini &amp; Hochberg, 1995), which allows the number of false positives
 to increase proportionally to the number of true positives, though remaining at a small proportion, dramatically reducing the number of false negatives. This approach may be conceptualized as working with a relaxed confidence level that any one test is a true rather than a false positive,
 bringing the criterion more into line with our societal assessment of the validity of statements in general, and even in science, as having less than 100% certainty. The analytic strategy to the assessment of statistical significance provides a more intuitive approach to the identification
 of sparse signals in large datasets than the standard Bonferroni approach to correction for multiple tests.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>MIRROR</kwd>
        <kwd>REFLECTION</kwd>
        <kwd>VIRTUAL REALITY</kwd>
        <kwd>SELF-PORTRAIT</kwd>
        <kwd>PAINTINGS</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
