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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010604</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Electronic Imaging</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2470-1173</issn><issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society for Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.7.MWSF-337</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2470-1173(20170129)2017:7L.138;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">s20.phd</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/ei/2017/00002017/00000007/art00020</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Deciphering Severely Degraded License Plates</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Agarwal</surname>
            <given-names>Shruti</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Tran</surname>
            <given-names>Du</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Torresani</surname>
            <given-names>Lorenzo</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Farid</surname>
            <given-names>Hany</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>29</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2017</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <fpage>138</fpage>
      <lpage>143</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Extremely low-quality images, on the order of 20 pixels in width, appear with frustrating frequency in many forensic investigations. Even advanced de-noising and super-resolution technologies are unable to extract useful information from such lowquality images. We show, however, that
 useful information is present in such highly degraded images. We also show that convolutional neural networks can be trained to decipher the contents of highly degraded images of license plates, and that these networks significantly outperform human observers.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>CHARACTER RECOGNITION</kwd>
        <kwd>DEGRADED IMAGERY</kwd>
        <kwd>DIGITAL FORENSICS</kwd>
        <kwd>DEEP LEARNING</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
