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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010604</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Electronic Imaging</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2470-1173</issn><issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society for Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.2.VIPC-409</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2470-1173(20170129)2017:2L.65;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">s13.phd</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/ei/2017/00002017/00000002/art00013</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Adaptive multi-reference prediction using a symmetric framework</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Liu</surname>
            <given-names>Zoe</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Mukherjee</surname>
            <given-names>Debargha</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Lin</surname>
            <given-names>Wei-Ting</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Wilkins</surname>
            <given-names>Paul</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Han</surname>
            <given-names>Jingning</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Xu</surname>
            <given-names>Yaowu</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>29</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2017</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>65</fpage>
      <lpage>72</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Google started the WebM Project in 2010 to develop open source, royalty--free video codecs designed specifically for media on the Web. Subsequently, Google jointly founded a consortium of major tech companies called the Alliance for Open Media (AOM) to develop a new codec AV1, aiming
 at a next edition codec that achieves at least a generational improvement in coding efficiency over VP9. This paper proposes a new coding tool as one of the many efforts devoted to AOM/AV1. In particular, we propose a second ALTREF_FRAME in the AV1 syntax, which brings the total reference
 frames to seven on top of the work presented in [11]. ALTREF_FRAME is a constructed, no-show reference obtained through temporal filtering of a look-ahead frame. The use of twoALTREF_FRAMEs adds further flexibility to the multi-layer, multi-reference symmetric framework, and provides a great
 potential for the overall Rate- Distortion (RD) performance enhancement. The experimental results have been collected over several video test sets of various resolutions and characteristics both texture- and motion-wise, which demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a consistent coding
 gain, compared against the AV1 baseline as well as against the results in [11]. For instance, using overall-PSNR as the distortion metric, an average bitrate saving of 5.880% in BDRate is obtained for the CIF-level resolution set, and 4.595% on average for the VGA-level resolution set.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>VIDEO CODING</kwd>
        <kwd>VP9</kwd>
        <kwd>VP10</kwd>
        <kwd>WEBM</kwd>
        <kwd>AV1</kwd>
        <kwd>AOM</kwd>
        <kwd>H.264</kwd>
        <kwd>HEVC</kwd>
        <kwd>MULTI-REFERENCE PREDICTION</kwd>
        <kwd>ADAPTIVE PREDICITON</kwd>
        <kwd>ALTREF_FAME</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
