The authors propose a line-segment-based marker-less augmented reality (AR) framework that involves an on-site model-generation method and on-line camera tracking. In most conventional model-based marker-less AR frameworks, correspondences between the 3D model and the 2D frame for camera-pose estimation are obtained by feature-point matching. However, 3D models of the target scene are not always available, and feature points are not detected from texture-less objects. The authors’ framework is based on a model-generation method with an RGB-D camera and model-based tracking using line segments, which can be detected even with only a few feature points. The camera pose of the input images can be estimated from the 2D–3D line-segment correspondences given by a line-segment feature descriptor. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can achieve AR when other point-based frameworks cannot. The authors also argue that their framework can generate a model and estimate camera pose more accurately than their previous study. © 2016 Society for Imaging Science and Technology. [DOI: 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2016.60.2.020401]