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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society for Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2021.65.4.040407</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20211010)2021:1L.53;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">s9.phd</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2021/00002021/00000001/art00009</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Digital Textile Ink-Jet Printing Innovation: Development and Evaluation of Digital Denim Technology</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Ming</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Textile Apparel, Technology and Management, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Parrillo-Chapman</surname>
            <given-names>Lisa</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Textile Apparel, Technology and Management, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Rothenberg</surname>
            <given-names>Lori</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Textile Apparel, Technology and Management, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Liu</surname>
            <given-names>Yixin</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Liu</surname>
            <given-names>Jiajun</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Textile Apparel, Technology and Management, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>10</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2021</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>53</fpage>
      <lpage>64</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This research explored the potential for ink-jet printing to replicate the coloration and finishing techniques of traditional denim fabric and standardized the reproduction and evaluation procedure. Although denim fabric is widely consumed and very popular, one drawback to denim is
 that the finishing and manufacturing processes are energy and water intensive and can cause environmental hazards as well as generation of pollution through water waste, particularly at the finishing stage. Textile ink-jet printing has the potential to replicate some of the coloration and
 finishing techniques of traditional denim fabric without negative environmental impacts. A two-phase research project was conducted. In Phase I (P1), an optimal standard production workflow for digital denim reproduction (including color and finishing effects) was established, and six different
 denim samples were reproduced based on the workflow. In Phase II, an expert visual assessment protocol was developed to evaluate the acceptance of the replicated digital denim. Twelve ink-jet printing, color science, and denim industry experts finished the assessment.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>PIGMENT</kwd>
        <kwd>INK-JET TEXTILE PRINTING</kwd>
        <kwd>LATEX INK</kwd>
        <kwd>COLOR MANAGEMENT</kwd>
        <kwd>EXPERT VISUAL ASSESSMENT</kwd>
        <kwd>DIGITAL DENIM</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
