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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society for Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2014.30.1.art00017_1</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20140101)2014:1L.61;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2014n1/splitsection17.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2014/00002014/00000001/art00017</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hot Offset Simulation in Fuser Process</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Kato</surname>
            <given-names>Kyohei</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Onishi</surname>
            <given-names>Takuma</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Kouno</surname>
            <given-names>Masaki</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Eguchi</surname>
            <given-names>Hiroki</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Kobaru</surname>
            <given-names>Yasunari</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Yoda</surname>
            <given-names>Yasuo</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2014</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>61</fpage>
      <lpage>64</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The toner deformation simulation based on the finite element method and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method has been used to calculate the hot offset in the fuser process. The viscoelasticity of toner, the adhesion force between toner and the material contacting the toner, and
 the fuser condition are taken into account. The method is able to calculate the toner deformation in the process of pressurization and strain in fusers, and the simulation results have reproduced the hot offset in fusers. When the method is used to estimate the hot offset level, the dependency
 of image density on the hot offset level matches experimental results.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
